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Matilda of Flanders
Matilda of Flanders ((フランス語:Mathilde de Flandre); (オランダ語:Mathilda van Vlaanderen)) ( 1031 – 2 November 1083) was the wife of William the Conqueror and, as such, Queen of England. She bore William nine children, including two kings, William II and Henry I.
==Marriage==
Matilda, or Maud, was the daughter of Baldwin V, Count of Flanders and Adèle of France, herself daughter of Robert II of France.〔Detlev Schwennicke, ''Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten'', Neue Folge, Band II (Marburg, Germany: J. A. Stargardt, 1984), Tafeln 5, 11, 81〕 According to legend, when Duke William II of Normandy (later known as William the Conqueror) sent his representative to ask for Matilda's hand in marriage, she told the representative that she was far too high-born to consider marrying a bastard.〔Matilda’s principal attribute was her descent from Charlemagne and her many royal ancestors, her closest being Robert II of France. She was the niece of King Henry I of France, William's suzerain, and at his death in 1060, first cousin to his successor King Philip I of France. A member of the aristocracy she was closely related to most of the royal families of Europe. A marriage to a member of the (Carolingian) royal family was a means of upward mobility for a soldier or nobleman like William. Her descent from Alfred the Great also proved a legitimizing factor as queen of England. See: Hilton, ''Queen Consort'' (Pegasus, 2010), p. 17; Régine Le Jan, 'Continuity and Change in the Tenth-Century Nobility', ''Nobles and Nobility in Medieval Europe: Concepts, Origins, Transformations'', ed. Anne J. Duggan (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2002), pp. 56, n. 14, 57; A. Wareham, ''Lords and Communities in Early Medieval East Anglia'' (Boydell Press, 2005), p. 3.〕 After hearing this response, William rode from Normandy to Bruges, found Matilda on her way to church, dragged her off her horse by her long braids, threw her down in the street in front of her flabbergasted attendants and rode off. Another version of the story states that William rode to Matilda's father's house in Lille, threw her to the ground in her room (again, by her braids), and hit her (or violently battered her) before leaving. Naturally, Baldwin took offense at this but, before they could draw swords, Matilda settled the matter〔Paul Hilliam, ''William the Conqueror: First Norman King of England'' (NY: Rosen Publishing Group, 2005), p. 20, ISBN 1-4042-0166-1〕 by refusing to marry anyone but William;〔Lisa Hilton, ''Queen Consort'' (NY: Pegasus Books, LLC, 2010), p. 17, ISBN 978-1-60598-105-5〕 even a papal ban by Pope Leo IX at the Council of Reims on the grounds of consanguinity did not dissuade her. William and Matilda were married after a delay in .〔K.S.B. Keats-Rohan, ''Domesday People, A Prosopography of Persons Occurring in English Documents 1066–1166'', Volume I, Domesday Book (Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 1999), p. 495〕 A papal dispensation was finally awarded in 1059 by Pope Nicholas II.〔Lisa Hilton, ''Queen Consort'' (NY: Pegasus Books, LLC, 2010), p. 18, ISBN 978-1-60598-105-5〕 Lanfranc, at the time prior of Bec Abbey, negotiated the arrangement in Rome and it came only after William and Matilda agreed to found two churches as penance,〔David Bates, ''Normandy before 1066'' (London; New York: Longman, 1982), p. 199〕
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